Dashboard Mockup for Bigbazaar

Weakness Poor customer service Availability of goods in store is less when compared to online Delivery of goods ordered online takes at least 2-3 weeks Weak marketing and advertising Opportunities Providing wide range of products in store Improve the online delivery' system Expansion of stores in all over the country and neighboring countries Threats Online shopping websites Demand of goods Inflation Low space to provide for all goods in store Gap Analysis To improve market share in coming yearsTo improve marketing and advertising in next two years To improve customer service both online and in store increase customer base and by providing membership cards Objectives and Goals Maintaining low costs of products and providing quality goods at all times Meeting the demand of customers by analyzing the requirements of customer Proportioning delivery services and enhancing customer services Starting memberships to increase customers and providing them with discounts on purchases Avoiding stealing or shoplifting in stores Key Performance Indicators (Kepi's): Kepi's are also known as key success actors Of a company.They usually help an organization in labeling its goals and measuring organizational development linked to the objectives. Following are some of the Kepi's designed for Bizarre that are aligned with its goals and objectives. Net revenue Number of new stores Deliver Eng services Customer satisfaction reports Memberships registered monthly Number of thefts occurring monthly Net revenue: This KIP is directly aligned with first goal, second goal and fourth goal.The overall revenue of the organization is directly affected by the sales of the products. If Bizarre maintains the price and quality of goods properly then there will be an exponential growth in sales, which Will increase the net revenue as well. With the increase in number of stores to meet demand of the customer, increase in number of stores also plays a key role in net revenue. To attract customers g ift coupons and discounts can be offer to regular customers with membership which will increase sales.As profits play a vital role in companies' future, we need to go through revenue every quarter. As bizarre is a nation wide company with over 700 million dollar venue in last year it is essential to keep in mind that threshold value or minimum value for each quarter must not be less than 180 million dollars which is represented by yellow color. Any revenue above can be considered as good profit margin and is denoted by green and revenue below 180 should be considered as danger zone and is denoted by red color.If a quarters revenue is in red then it should be considered as an alert and authorities must revise their goals and objectives. Number of new stores: This KIP is primarily linked to second goal of meeting customers demand and plays a role in increasing net revenue. As there is a vast need of products that is required by customers and not everyone likes to purchase online. Incr easing number Of stores yearly to meet the demand will also increase sales of Bizarre. To achieve this Bizarre needs to open stores in north, south, west, and east regions in India.Opening of stores can be schedules in quarterly basis. To achieve the goal and produce good outputs company has to open more than 25 stores in each quarter if this criterion is met than the graph is represented in green color. The management can handle more than 20 stores per quarter, which is labeled in allow color. However, if the stores opened per quarter is less than 20, then the production of the company will be effected hence it must be considered as an alert and new stores should be planned for the next quarter.Delivering services: This KIP is aligned with part of third goal that is proportioning delivery system. Most of the customers prefer shopping in store mainly because with in Store shopping products are obtained instantly. However, by providing proper information and good delivery system onli ne shopping can decrease strain of driving. As Bizarre has to compete with its competitors, t must provide a good delivery system through which it can gain profits. To monitor delivery service we must concentrate on delivery percentage obtained every year.For Bizarre to maintain a good delivery system it is important that delivery percentage is 60 or above which is moderate and any percentage above 70 should be considered a good percentage of deliveries. If the percentage is less than 60, then the issue must be taken to officials notice. Customer satisfaction report: This KIP is affiliated to a part of third goal, which is to enhance customer service. For any retail store, it is very important to maintain a good customer service relationship.To see through that there is a good reputation on customer services offered by the store we can conduct survey and call members to get feedback from them and ask them to rate the services on a scale of five. Getting grade of 4 or 5 can be consid ered as good, which is colored in green and a grade of three can be reflected as moderate that is colored in yellow, which means it can be improved with little effort. But a grade of 1 or 2 should be considered as threshold and colored as red and a serious effort has to be put into rectifying the customer services. The aim is to get at least 60% of the customers to grade amongst 4 or 5.Memberships registered monthly: This KIP addresses fourth goal, which states to increase memberships by offering coupons and discounts. While increasing membership organization can gather information regarding purchase patterns of customers and improve stores structure. Members can get coupons and discounts on purchases, which makes them regular customer this will also help improve sales and revenue. As Bizarre is a nationwide company with many branches, there should be at least 7000 new customers every month registering for membership, which is moderate and is represented with yellow color.If the num ber of memberships registered is 8500 or above it should be considered as good and is represented with green color. If the number of new memberships registered is less than 7000, it must be colored in red and this issue must be informed to marketing department. Number of thefts occurring monthly: This KIP is directly linked to fifth goal that is to avoid shoplifting and stealing in stores. Shoplifting is one of the reasons, which causes a massive loss to the store. Some security measures need to be taken in order to avoid thefts in stores.

Pepsi’s Marketing Mix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 INTRODUCTION 2 MISSION STATEMENT 3 VISSION 3 ABOUT Pepsi 3 CORPORATE OVERVIEW AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 4 5C ANALYSIS 5 6P’S OF A BUSINESS 8 CREATIVE STRATEGY OF Pepsi 13 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 13 SWOT ANALYSIS 14 CONCLUSION 15 ABSTARCT The marketing plan is central to the business plan. Marketing research helps you define your product or service, the target market, and the competition. Pricing your product is an important step that must begin with an understanding of the total cost of the product or service. Markup percentage, gross margin percentage, production costs, non-production costs, and profit must all be considered when deciding price. Promotions and advertising should be planned for at least a year in advance, taking into account seasonal fluctuations, high and low sales times, competitors’ INTRODUCTION Pepsi is currently one of the most successful consumer product company in the world its annual revenue exceeding $30 billion and has more that 480,000employees. pepsi co. inc. as began as a successor to a company incorporated in the 1931known as loft inc. once known as Pepsi cola. , the company expanded its business and adopted its current name Pepsi co. after a merger with Frito-lay in 1965. the merger dramatically increased its market potential and set the foundation of company’s tremendous growth. Pepsi co. ’s products are recognized and are the most respected all around the globe. They operate main three devisions: beverages ,snack foods and restaurants. In each of these business the Pepsi co. as attained a leadership position as being the world leader in the soft drink bottling . The corporation increasing the success has been based on high standards of performance , marketing strategies, competitiveness, determination, commitment and the personal and professional integrity of their people, product and their business practices. Mission Pepsi is continuously striving for synergy between technology system and human resource to provide product and services to meet the quality, performance and price aspirants of customers. hile doing so it maintains the highest standard of ethics and social responsibilities, innovative product and processes and develop team that keep the momentum going to take the company to excellence in the new millennium. Vision PepsiCo's responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate – environment, social, economic – creating a better tomorrow than today. † Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company. About Pepsi Pepsi-Cola North America is the refreshment beverage unit of PepsiCo, Inc. , in the United States and Canada. Its U. S. brands include Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Aquafina, Sierra Mist, IZZE, SoBe, Mug, Tropicana Twister Soda, Tropicana Juice Drinks, Dole and Ocean Spray single-serve juices. The company also makes and markets North America's best-selling ready-to-drink iced teas and coffees, respectively, via joint ventures with Lipton and Starbucks. From its humble beginnings over a century ago, Pepsi-Cola has grown to become one of the best-known, most-loved products throughout the world. Today, the company continues to innovate, creating new products, new flavors and new packages in varying shapes and sizes to meet the growing demand for convenience and healthier choices. Pepsi is constantly on the lookout for ways to ensure their consumers get the products they want, when they want them and where they want them. The Pepsi cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks. Corporate Overview and Financial Performance PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the most successful consumer products companies in the world, with 2000 revenues of over $20 billion and 125,000 employees. The company consists of: Frito-Lay Company, the largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chips; Pepsi-Cola Company, the second largest soft drink business and Tropicana Products, the largest marketer and producer of branded juice. PepsiCo brands are among the best known and most respected in the world and are available in about 190 countries and territories. In 2000, PepsiCo has a reported net sale of $20,348 and a comparable net sale of $20,144 in comparison to its 1999’s net sales of $20,367 and $18,666 respectively. PepsiCo has increased its comparable net sale of 8% in 2000 while it had an increase of 15% in 1999. This reflects the increasing rate is going slower. On the other hand, PepsiCo’s interest expense declines 39% showing that the company is significantly lower the average debt level. Back to 1999, the report shows that the company’s interest expense dropped 8%, which indicates that the company is performing well in managing its financial strategies. More details about the financial performance of the company will be discussed in the later part of this paper. Company PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of shareholder's investment. They do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. They believe their commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to their consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to their investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity. In order to profitably satisfy customer needs, the firm first must understand its external and internal situation, including the customer, the market environment, and the firm's own capabilities. Furthermore, it needs to forecast trends in the dynamic environment in which it operates. A useful framework for performing a situation analysis is the 5 C Analysis. The 5C analysis is an environmental scan on five key areas especially applicable to marketing decisions. It covers the internal, the micro-environmental, and the macro-environmental situation. The 5 C analysis is an extension of the 3 C analysis (company, customers, and competitors), to which some marketers added the 4th C of collaborators. The further addition of a macro-environmental analysis (climate) results in a 5 C analysis, some aspects of which are outlined below. The Image of Pepsi co. in the global market is really very excellent. They use the new Technology and they have lots of years of experience in this market. Their ultimate Goals are to achieve highest share in the market. Collaborators The Pepsi co. has Distributors in whole world. Their distribution strategy is different than the others. Their distribution partners are Pepsi co. has suppliers and alliances all over the world. Which helps them to distribute their products to each of the market in each country. The distribution channel make the easy supply of goods. Customers Pepsi co. has potential customers to be a successful organization. The Market size and growth is fully based on the ultimate customers. Market segmentation of the product in whole world Geographic, Demographic, Behavioral and Psychographic. The company provides Benefits that consumer is seeking, tangible and intangible. The customer can give Motivation behind purchase; value drivers, benefits vs. osts. Frequency of purchase can give idea about how many customers repeat their product. Seasonal factors works for increasing the sales. It is a trend that how consumer needs and preferences change over time will affect the company. Competitors OVERALL MARKET SHARE COCA-COLA 43. 9% PEPSI COLA 30. 9% CADBURY SCHWEPPES 14. 5% BREAKDOWN OF MARKET SHARE COCA-COLA CLASSIC 20. 6% PEPSI COLA 14. 5% DIET COKE 8. 5% MOUNTAIN DEW 6. 3% SPRITE 6. 2% Pep si is situated in an environment that is ever changing and dynamic. Pepsi must be concerned of changing taste of the consumer and be able to respond to that need immediately or risk losing market share. They also need to be financially strong to keep up with a powerhouse like Coca-Cola and be able to strike back in the long running cola war. Pepsi must also be able to respond to different cultures in the international environment. Actual or potential competition is going on in the market. Direct or indirect: Pepsi have direct competitors like coke, thumps up, etc. Products: they all have same kind of product soft drinks. Strengths and weaknesses of competitorscan make easy success to the company to survive in he market. Climate The climate or macro-environmental factors are: Political & regulatory environment – governmental policies and regulations that affect the market share of the Pepsi. The price of the all soft drink has to at their cut through level because the Economic environment – business cycle, inflation rate, interest rates, and other macroeconomic issues. Day by day Pepsi makes new soft drinks as Social/Cultural environment society's trends and fashions make the different taste in the soft drinks. The advertisement strategy makes different sense. Technological environment – new knowledge that makes possible new ways of satisfying needs; the impact of technology on the demand for existing products. Build a solid foundation for your organization's marketing efforts Why balancing the 6 P's is crucial to success Keys to the successful marketing mix Knowing what's right for your organization The six P's of marketing are the updated version of the tried-and-true 4 P's. Understanding each of the 6 P's and how to use them can help your marketing results skyrocket. We'll cover each of the 6 P's: From this workshop, you'll get a solid understanding of the foundations of marketing strategy and how the pieces fit together. Whether you have a product or service, are profit-based or non-profit, the 6 P's can put you on the right track. Presidents, executive directors and managers responsible for marketing – anyone involved with creating the marketing vision for your organization. A solid understanding of the elements of marketing and how your organization can use the 6 P's to improve your marketing results. How to use the six basic elements of marketing Key factors for great strategies on pricing, product, target markets, promotions and more Secrets to creating the best marketing mix for your organization How to balance the 6 P's for your organization or company Identifying the right product, right people, right place and right promotion The 6 P's — The Building Blocks of Marketing features an interactive presentation and discussion, along with group exercises, to help you understand the power and the beauty of the perfect marketing mix. Marketing objectives To be most effective objective at any level should meet the following four criteria which Pepsi co. is in, The objectives are relevant to the high level of objectives. They are challenging but still sustainable. They are measurable. They are time specific. Pepsi marketing strategies Pepsi has the concentration segment, targeted the youth segment instead of trying to be something to all segment. pepsi achieve the international position as a drink for th new generation. Papsi has been successful in positioning itself for the younger generation. Promotion Pepsi has promoted it’s all product by every means of promotion. They have done Advertising through the electronic media TV, radio, and internet. The public relations and other promotion has done by the Pepsi. Promotional agreements they have signed with the retailers which include the pizza hut or KFC. Selling process: Pepsi has very well managed selling system. Different stock keeping units. And distributed to the distributer and they supply to the retailers. Pepsi soft drinks are produced in the very well managed selling system. For every rout there is a rout agent who cover maximum shops each day, so that regular supply of soft drink is made. The rout agent takes the order from the shopkeeper and move to the next. They have some agency in each rout. They supply in the areas where truck could not reach. These areas are called indirect routs. Product People satisfy their needs and wants with their product and services. A product is anything that can be offered to market to satisfy a need or a want. The concept of product is not limited to physical objects. To maintain its high quality and standards of its product the company has highly equipped lab for testing the quality of carbon dioxide and the level of sugar in the product. Pepsi is one of the most core products of the organization and the company puts in the lot of effort to retain its image through its highly professional team. The members of the organization work day and night making every possible effort to attain the organizational goals and achieve excellence. Price Pepsi has adopted market penetration pricing strategy at that time when it was introduced but now it is on the same level of its competitor coca cola. Providing quality products at the lowest rates had always been one of the main concern of Pepsi. The price of Pepsi is very copetitve with the highest quality. Place Place includes the company activitiesthat make product to the available to target customers. Pepsi is placed the market according to the extent of the target market located in the particular geographical area. Retail stores are placed all around the franchise areas in order to ensure the availability of the product. The distribution network also works according to the promotional campaign or the season. * P*ositioning The activity that communicate the merits of the product in order to persuade the target customers to buy it. Advertiserscan choose among as number of positioning approaches , depending on what the situation analysis revels about the strength of that product , the needs of their customers and action of their competitors. Following are the positions available to the advisors. Positioning by product differences. Against the particular competitor. Against entire product category. By association. By problem. In order to the Pepsi, depend on the market conditions, Positioning by product usage Positioning by association Positioning against particular competitor. Production Production and process: flexibility or fixed? Services: the sky is the limit Looking at the future for production activities, and opportunities for free publicity. Customer service may be the most important element in your total marketing strategy. Use, evaluate, and revise your marketing plan regularly. Creative strategy of Pepsi The creative strategy is the plan to defines three advertising efforts. The art direction The artistic design of the advertising. The production values. Various audio and visual components and stylistic touch make up the advertisement and the copy platform , a check list providing the background information that copywriter and art director need to craft the advertisement. Managing the advertising efforts by Planning, organizing, Implementing and controlling Distribution system The Pepsi co. has Indirect distribution system. The distribution of the product is done as under Manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumers. *SWOT *analysis Strength: The brand name is the highest strength of the organization, which is known s excellent. Managing the highest quality by using the latest equipment in order to produce best hygienic product. The easy availability in the market is the second strength. Highly skilled professionalize working. The company enjoys the brand loyalty which is plus point for the organization. The market share covered by the company is also a great strength. Weakness: The packaging of the product is sometime difficu lt for the product to maintain. Provide opportunities to the competitors by not covering rural areas in the different countries. The lack of Advertisement in rural area. Opportunities: The company has opportunities to develop their sales force in rural areas. Post mix operation can be expanded in order to make the product available at all times. New and innovative products have always been acted as opportunity to the organization. Threats: The biggest threat for the organization is itscompetitors. so Pepsi needs to develop the strategy keeping in mind for their reorganization. The government policies and changing requirement of the customers can effect the operations of the company. Conclusion Pepsi has 37% global market share operating in 190 countries. At every level of Pepsi co. Take great care to ensure that highest standards are met in everything they do. In their production, marketing , advertising and packaging they strives for excellence because they think their customers deserves better quality products. They promise to work towards improvements in all areas of their organization. They also follow the strict quality procedures during manufacturing and filling of their packages. Additional quality control measures helps to ensure the integrity of Pepsi products throughout the distribution process. References http://www. fixyourmarketing. com/workshops/sixp. htm http://www. missouribusiness. net/sbtdc/docs/marketing. pdf http://www. scribd. com/doc/15434619/Pepsi-Project Phillip Kotler (2004). Marketing management, 11th edition (page 590). Delhi: Pearson Education. http://www. pepsico. com/Company/Our-History. html http://newswiretoday. com/news/57876/ Mickey gill (2006). 1000 coke or Pepsi? : 1000 Coke or Pepsi questions to ask your friends? Longwood,FL

Marketing Planning and Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Planning and Promotion - Essay Example Focus provides businesses with the main and unique selling proposition that enables marketing planning to target the prospective audience. According to Barney Jopson, recession affects mostly the middle tier businesses. Therefore, this paper will seek to examine critically the current value of middle market brand and provide carefully argued recommendations about how to improve their prospects (Jopson, 2011). During the financial crisis people in the west made changes in their shopping system. Some of them believed it was an emergency response to the prevailing hard economic times whereas others reacted due to anticipated fear of it. Financial institutions have been able to bounce back from difficult economic times however; people’s habits of shopping have not yet shown signs of complete reverse to the previous ways. As such, Jopson, in his article believes that this trend is causing the middle market fashion a big deal of difficulty to handle. Following the financial hard tim es, most of the American and European shoppers started directing most of their expenditure at the opposite side of the retail scale. This happened because, shoppers wanted to scavenge for the lowest-prices which were available on the other end of retailers. This meant that they were able to save adequately in order to go on with splashing out on the odd lavishness (Jopson, 2011). With this respect, Barney analyzed the current value of the middle market brand as undergoing hard financial times since, as elaborated in this paragraph; shoppers are spending much on lower retail spectrum thus depriving the middle brands of their market share. Having lost market to the lower retail spectrum, middle market brands continue to record figures of wilting sales due to the crude version of financial difficulties. Nevertheless, middle market brands have depicted one fine distinction in the past three years that this category has become curiously compelling zone for ultra-hip designers. They have been able to launch what they particularly call diffusion lines by shedding prejudices as well as inhibitions. As a result, they have made middle market brands more affordable, off the rack and wear products through their so-called diffusion. With reference to Barney’s literature, the president of Loeb Associates and a veteran retail consultant Walter Loeb puts across that middle market brands are doing bridging lines because of the fact that their prospective clientele is in a saving frame of mind and hiking prices is unreasonable. The analytical sense derived from this middle market practice is that these companies want to improve the underlying system of communicating with their customers. By so doing they stand to risk big time because they might end up diluting their core brand and shoppers may end up perceiving them as dumping down. Nonetheless, for the middle industry intellectuals, this move is comprehensively tacit since it is an alternative way of extracting new rev enue torrent out of the already established investment brand. By engaging in bridging lines, middle market brands are reaping benefits form the investments made while establishing and broadcasting the distinctiveness and fascination of this core brand. As a theoretical and practical method of improving customer relations, middle market brands are using influential broadcasting channels that are premiering attraction and appeal for this new core brand (Jopson, 2011).

Decision Making in Hospitality Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Decision Making in Hospitality Industry - Essay Example According to Kolb (1983, p109) the central characteristics of an organisation is that they are problem solving systems, the success is measured by how efficiently they solve routine problems associated with survival and growth in a changing world. A hard problem is one which is well defined and structured and one where an outcome is normally predictive. Hard problems can be described as simple, well-defined, bounded and tame. Hard problems are where; the problem is known, objectives are clear, priorities are clear, knowledge base exists, limited people involved and can be treated as a separate matter, none or choice of clear solutions available, easy to measure success, often short term issues are involved and are of limited time scale. Examples of Hard Problems: data Analysis (trend, regression, distribution etc. Queue Modelling, Line balancing (Bottleneck analysis), Decision analysis and decision trees, Project Management techniques, Business modelling and forecasting, Route scheduling and location analysis, Production scheduling, staff scheduling. A soft problem is a problem which is complex in terms of structure, is not well defined, involve the social system: interaction of people and the outcome cannot be predicted. (After Hicks 1991). Soft problems can be described as Complex, unbounded, ill-defined and messy. ... Queue Modelling, Line balancing (Bottleneck analysis), Decision analysis and decision trees, Project Management techniques, Business modelling and forecasting, Route scheduling and location analysis, Production scheduling, staff scheduling. A soft problem is a problem which is complex in terms of structure, is not well defined, involve the social system: interaction of people and the outcome cannot be predicted. (After Hicks 1991). Soft problems can be described as Complex, unbounded, ill-defined and messy. Soft problems are where the problems are not clear, objectives are not clear, priorities are not clear, many people involved, affects other areas / departments, what to do is not known, difficult to measure success, often medium to long term issues, longer uncertain time scale. Problem solving: O' Loughlin and Mc Fadzeam (1999) suggest several approaches to problem solving: Cognitive Processing Individual Traits - theorists believe that individual perception may influence problem solving performance. Reasoned action perspective - focuses on the relationship between the intended behaviour during the problem solving process and the actual behaviour being observed Decision theory - a process whereby management chooses a solution to the problem from a range of alternatives using quantitative data analysis. Organisational trait - an attempt is made to explain organisational problem solving terms of an organisations physical attributes Group problem solving - in companies problems are solved in groups the result of group thinking. The process of solving hard problems: 1) Data Gathering: Data needs to be gathered on activities, resources, costs and constraints. 2) Generation of Ideas/ Plans: Activities needs to be prioritized. While

The Nature of Beauty in Oscar Wilde's Picture of Dorian Gray Essay

The Nature of Beauty in Oscar Wilde's Picture of Dorian Gray - Essay Example At the studio of the painter, Basil, was Lord Henry who heard Dorian’s wish to remain youthful and grants him the wish (Wilde 26). Lord Henry Wotton uses sweet words to lure Dorian Gray into retaining his youth and beauty by exchanging the aging effects with the portrait made by the painter Basil. This fascination Gray receives from Basil makes him jump into a life of falsification. Many characters in the book are shown to admire the beauty of Dorian Gray. He does not age but instead the portrait painted by Basil is the one that changes and fringes in place of Gray. Due to this falsified beauty, Dorian wins the love of an actress called Sybil whom he dumps after learning that she has stopped acting. The story outlines how beauty is adorned in times of Wilde by the characters of the book. The nature of beauty is that it cannot be preserved in other things such as art. To this the adoration of youthfulness and beauty continues to define the lives of many who risk for their lives and morals in the name of beauty as it is depicted in the theme of the book. First, the nature of beauty is demonstrated through art in the book. ... es the notion that art is used to express morality and values of humanity as it were taken in the Hellenistic age, however he acknowledges that art is for beauty and the artists do not necessarily have morals and the ethics while designing the arts. This symbolically associates art with beauty as whatever the artist creates will be beautiful. Basil admires the beauty of Dorian and even tells him â€Å"I worshiped you†. â€Å"I grew jealous of everyone to whom you spoke. I wanted to have you all to myself. I was only happy when I was with you" Basil tells Dorian (Wilde 26). He does all this out of the admiration he has for the beauty of Dorian Gray. As a result, Basil has no better way of appreciating how much he adores the beauty of Dorian other than through art, and he goes ahead and paints a picture of Dorian. The author clearly elaborates the distinctions between art and real life. Dorian admires the painting of Basil and associates it with beauty and regrets that he is go ing to frown with age, but the picture will remain beautiful as it is. He continues to regret that the portrait will be reminding him of the beauty that he had during his youthful stage. As he regrets, Lord Henry, a noble man in those times who admired the beauty of Dorian Gray, offers to make Gray’s wish to come true (Wilde 26). He persuades and lures Gray into accepting his charm and retain his youth and beauty forever. Lord Henry through his charming talk and brilliant wit as described in the story tricks Dorian to suspending the aging effect into the portrait and he remains beautiful. Henry wants the young beautiful man to live his life as if he was a piece of art. This is symbolic of how the nature of beauty was believed to be found in art. In contrast, the book views life as the contrast of

To what extent are there differences between the Tories and New Labour Essay

To what extent are there differences between the Tories and New Labour Discuss - Essay Example They believed in divine right and in traditional hereditary system. They also were also strong supporters of the Anglican Church being against the Catholics which served to bring the reign of King James II to an end since he pushed the country to Catholism. They also were against scientific advances claiming that they pushed people away from the church. They were not in support of change The New Labor or Labor Party came into formation in 1900 by a group of working people who felt that the Tory Government ignored them and thus was born under the name Labor Representation Committee. However it did not take root until the 1920s and 1930 they occupied most of the seats in the government. It served to improve the lives of the minority on the principles of equality within the society. They were supporters of change and believed that the country’s resources belonged to everyone. The party pledged to deal with issues like poverty, unemployment, diseases and ignorance in the country. Labor Party put their focus on economic and social factors with the advocating of social liberation achieved by the legalization of social vices like divorce and separation, homosexuality and the stopping of capital punishments. With 1the name change to New Labor, the party was taken over by a new leader, Tony Blair, the youngest leader the party had ever had. He was elected Labor Prime Minister for three terms.2 One of the differences between the two parties is the capitalism verses socialism. The Conservatives Party had more of capitalist ideologies while the Labor Party had the communist one. Communists relied on the market to allocate capital to different socially owned enterprises where we see Tony Blair actually relying on the business men to be in charge of the economic policies. The Conservative Party on the other had relied on markets to determine investments, production and distribution decisions. Leaders like Margaret Thatcher who were conservative in

In life people face many challenges which lead to growth. Analyze how Essay

In life people face many challenges which lead to growth. Analyze how challenges help people grow in many ways - Essay Example Maya Angelou’s autobiographical work ‘Graduation’ explores the author’s personal struggles and the obstacles she faced particularly in relation to racial prejudices while attending her graduation ceremony from a segregated middle school in Arkansas. The author discusses the range of emotions she felt before, during and after the event. Initially, her primary feelings were those of excitement and pride at her educational achievements and accomplishments. She then went through a period of disappointment and anger while eventually letting go of the animosity she felt for others. The author’s anticipation and enthusiasm at her impending graduation was well-deserved. She had received good grades and her family, particularly her mother, was extremely proud of her. Their preparations were detailed and filled with joy as she was given gifts, money, words of wisdom and praise. However, as the author sat at the ceremony and listened to the speeches, it became clear to her that the achievements of her black classmates were not regarded in the same way as those of her white contemporaries. The authors feelings changed immediately as she was overcome with disappointment, anger and resentment as this served to remind her of the stereotypical ‘place’ of black people as the time in terms of taking on quite menial positions such as cleaning and labour. Aspirations of further educational achievements and more respectable positions were dashed from her mind in these moments as she pondered â€Å"It was awful to be a negro and have no control over my li fe† (Angelou 37). In Andre Barrett’s ‘A Hole in the Wall’, the author similarly reflects upon a time in which she experienced a traumatic and emotionally distressing event, in this case, the 2001 World Trade Centre attacks. She recounts how very shortly after she and her husband moved to the city, she witnessed the fateful

CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY - Essay Example There are several reasons for the crisis. But they can collectively be classified as those about the taking of systematic risks in the financial system. An effective approach to explain the causes of the 2007-2009 financial crisis is to outline the three main solutions developed in Britain to address the problem. FRC Update The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is one of the primary agencies mandated with overseeing and development of the standards in corporate governance in the United Kingdom. Every other year, it reviews the UK Corporate Governance Code, which is a combination of principles set in reports and codes of good corporate governance required for the organizations that are listed in the London Stock Exchange. In 2009, after the financial crisis, FRC reviewed and updated the Code so that it better addressed the variables that have led to the financial crisis. Stricter regulations has been proposed and seriously considered as corporate managements were found to have taken e xtreme risks by making bad operating, investing and financing decisions. (Saunders and Allen 2010, p. 21) Particularly, the on-going development initiated by FRC since 2009 has focused on the need for disclosure, the increase in overall level of prescription and the emphasis on independent and authoritative for the chief risk officers and group risk management departments. (Picket and Pickett 2010, p. 148) The on-going update and developments within- and those initiative by the FRC underscored the fact that British policymakers saw the need to examine and update its corporate governance codes and requirements because it was identified as a major precursor of credit crunch. For instance, before 2007, the financial system has been undertaking systematic risks because of the so-called shift in the banking model from "originate and hold" to "originate and distribute". (Saunders and Allen, p. 21) This change supposedly exposed the financial system to risks because it led to the deteriora tion of the credit quality and the rapid increase in consumer and corporate leverage. (p. 21) FRC’s focus on corporate responsibility, accountability, transparency, regulation and prescription were all reflective of the need to address systematic risks. Introduction of ICB The establishment of the UK Independent Commission on Banking (ICB) also served to highlight the systematic risks responsible for the financial crisis that are sought to be avoided in the future. It was created in June 2010 and was mandated with the following purposes: reduce the systematic risk in the banking sector and explore the risk posed by banks of different size, scale and function; mitigate moral hazard in the banking system; reduce the likelihood and impact of firm failure; and, promote competition in both retail and investment banking with a view to ensure the needs of banks’ customers and clients are efficiently served. (UK Parliament 2011, p. 95) The objectives clearly reinforce the upda tes undertaken by the FRC by emphasizing the need to reduce risk-taking in both the financial and corporate sectors. By September 2011, ICB is expected to come up with a report containing the recommendations in regard to how to ensure financial stability and competition in the British industry. The ICB also underscored the role of regulation by states because prior to 2007, the policy that have permeated allowed for the ratio of banks assets to their capital base to grow far too high and that

Antimatter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antimatter - Essay Example For the electron, for instance, there should be an "antielectron" identical in every way but with a positive electric charge. In his Nobel Lecture, Dirac speculated on the existence of a completely new Universe made out of antimatter! (The History of antimatter, 2001) In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at the California Institute of Technology, while studying showers of cosmic particles in a cloud chamber discovered antielectron, He called the antielectron a "positron", for its positive charge. After almost 25 years in the year 1955, antiprotons were discovered followed by antineutrons in 1959. In 1965, a unique machine at CERN (Conseil Europen pour la Recherche Nuclaire), a European organization for nuclear research called Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) was used to successfully produce antihydrogen atom, which is a real a real antimatter atom. The idea behind this is to trap these antihydrogen atoms by first slowing them down and then carry out accurate comparisons of properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen particles. "Matter and antimatter are perfect opposites. So perfect, in fact, that when the meet they annihilate leaving behind a flash of pure energy. Nothing else remains; antimatter annihilation is the ultimate clean source of energy. It is the perfect conversion of mass (m) into energy (E) according to Einstein's famous prescription E= mc2, where c is the speed of light. The problem is, however, that antimatter cannot simply be harvested or mined. It has to be made, and making it requires vastly more energy than annihilating it produces. All the antimatter produced at CERN in a year would provide barely enough energy to power a light bulb for a few seconds." (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter Applications Antimatter may be the stuff of science fiction but at laboratories like CERN it is a commonplace tool for research. In hospitals and industry too, antimatter is in everyday use for diagnosis. Positron Emission Tomography, PET, for example relies on antimatter. It works by attaching radioactive atoms that emit positrons - anti-electrons - to biological tracer molecules that find their way to specific areas of the body. When the radioactive atoms decay the positrons they emit immediately annihilate with electrons and the resulting flash of energy appears in the form of two gamma-rays of equal energy. These escape from the body back-to-back and are detected, allowing doctors to follow what happens to the biological tracer molecules and thus learn valuable information about the workings of the body. (Antimatter Decelerator, 2008). Negative and Positive sides of Antimatter The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program (better known as 'Star Wars') included several projects which looked at the possibility of using antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne weapons platforms. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate fuel. However first the antimatter would have to be manufactured - there is no 'mine' of antimatter. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter is difficult to produce - all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for three seconds! (Gordon

Knight Guys Finish Last Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Knight Guys Finish Last - Essay Example The fourth wall consisted of thick, iron bars. Beyond was a hallway leading to a dark staircase. This contained the weak light source; a torch in an iron sconce, high on the wall. People panic due to shock and Tess began to feel a little hysterical herself, as she paced the cell, trying to make sense of the situation. She turned to find Daniel, opening his arms to console her, and she lost control. It was hours until they were discovered by a man wearing a chain tunic, old dented armour, and a rusty short-sword at his waist and he hurried up the stairs upon spotting them, returning soon after with another man, who possessed the haughty mannerisms of the high-born. "I am Count William the Third," he paused as if expecting applause. Receiving none, he continued, "Deegan here was most distressed to find a group of persons, occupying a cell in my dungeon which was empty. Obviously, the mystery is how they came to be here. Deegan believes that you are a group of sorcerers, though I must disagree. Why would a sorcerer transport himself into a dungeon I think you must have displeased a sorcerer, who transported you into my dungeon, expecting me to dispense justice, which I will do unless one of you can defeat my champion in the tourney on the morrow." And with that, he walked away. The next morning found Tess and her friends clamped in chains and escorted to a large ... Receiving none, he continued, "Deegan here was most distressed to find a group of persons, occupying a cell in my dungeon which was empty. Obviously, the mystery is how they came to be here. Deegan believes that you are a group of sorcerers, though I must disagree. Why would a sorcerer transport himself into a dungeon I think you must have displeased a sorcerer, who transported you into my dungeon, expecting me to dispense justice, which I will do unless one of you can defeat my champion in the tourney on the morrow." And with that, he walked away. The next morning found Tess and her friends clamped in chains and escorted to a large stadium. After the jousting, sword fighting, and jesters, Count William stood up from amongst his many attendants. He called for one of the prisoners to face his champion in a battle of blades. "I volunteer," said Daniel. The guards went forward and after unchaining Daniel, he led him past the group stopping in front of Tess. "I've never been brave enough to tell you this," he began softly, "but I suppose certain death makes heroes of us all. Ever since the first time I met you, I've been hopelessly in love with you." Then he continued on his way. Tess tried to call out to him, but the words caught in her throat as they led him into the centre of the stadium, handed him a sword and shield, and left him alone. The crowd roared as a dark figure stepped from the opposite entrance. Everything about him was menacing; the way he walked spoke of sinister grace. He approached Daniel as a lion stalking a doe. Wasting no time, the champion crouched and drove his blade towards Daniel's throat. It never found its destination as Daniel moved impossibly fast, spinning on the ball of his foot and heaving the other foot into the champion's ribs. With a

The House of Commons Essay Example for Free

The House of Commons Essay In the House of Commons on May 27, 1919, Sir Robert stated that the government has taken no sides in that dispute. But he also observed that the government occupied a position different from that of the private employer. He asserted that if the needs of the people as a whole are to be regarded we cannot have in this country a complete dislocation of public services founded upon such reasons as have been put forward by the postal employees of Winnipeg, and he announced with some satisfaction at the close of his speech that seventy of the postal employees have returned to work and no difficulty has been experienced in filling the places of those who have not returned. He made no mention of the cost of living as a cause of the strike but did recognize the necessity of arriving at a definition of collective bargaining acceptable both to capital and labour. The attitude of the central government on this subject is of great importance, as it meant that Ottawa gave wholehearted support to the employers and governments at Winnipeg. On June 6, although there had been no serious violence, Mayor Gray banned all parades and forbade the congregation of crowds. On the same day the Dominion Parliament passed, with a remarkable economy of time, an amendment to the Immigration Act, which extended to British-born subjects the Acts provisions concerning deportation by executive order. This amendment, which was the cause of considerable resentment in organized labour groups across the country, passed all three readings in both Houses and received the royal assent in less than an hour. Its significance lay in the fact that it implied that the leadership of the strike was not in the hands of European-born aliens-an implication now definitely proven correct. This was the stage reached in the development of the strike when Woodsworth arrived in Winnipeg on June 8. As he approached the city across the prairies, stopping frequently to fulfil his speaking engagements, he kept himself as well informed about the strike as was possible from outside. He was anxious to use whatever influence he might possess in the city to further a conciliation move, but discovered that there was, by that time, practically no chance of success, chiefly because of the insistence upon cessation of the strike before further negotiations, and the blunt refusal to admit the right of a general strike on principle. Almost immediately upon his arrival, Woodsworth wrote a letter which was published in the Western Labor News, stating his own position and attempting to define the situation. In this statement he returned with great emphasis to one of his earliest established concepts, the sin of indifference. Learning in more detail the preceding developments of the strike, Woodsworth concluded that the general public, or at least that part represented by the Citizens Committee and the three governments, was not prepared to concede any of the strikers claims. Thus there appeared to be no alternative save for the workers to refrain from work to the limit of their resources, and to educate as many of the people on the sidelines as possible. The governments, he considered, were pursuing a course perfectly incompatible with the traditions of British liberty and, to add to his reasons for supporting the strikers, he was fully in sympathy with the goal of industrial collective bargaining. He immediately threw himself into the fray, appearing with strike leaders and outside sympathizers, to address mass meetings in Victoria Park, and helping to raise funds for strikers families. As he observed at close quarters the evolution of the strike he became increasingly convinced that the real plot was not the revolution allegedly sponsored by the One Big Union advocates, but the concerted actions of the Citizens Committee and the three governments to suppress the whole idea of industrial unionism and the sympathetic strike. Woodsworth continued to support the strike vigorously, speaking both at the Labour Church meetings and those of the soldiers parliament. He had completely identified himself with the movement a week after his arrival. Probably Woodsworth sensed the turn that events were about to take and yet was prepared to maintain his stand, since the conduct of the strike itself was distinctly non-violent. Although startled, he was not bewildered by the sudden descent of the full force of government power upon the strike leaders. In the early hours of June 17, the Royal North-West Mounted Police raided various homes in Winnipeg and made ten arrests. The men thus apprehended were hustled away in motor cars to Stony Mountain Penitentiary, and the books, records, and seditious documents discovered in their homes or at the Labor Temple were stored away for use at the trials. Four of the men arrested were foreigners who were later dealt with summarily by the Immigration Board, and who apparently had no intimate connection with the strike leadership. The arrests constituted a very heavy blow at the strike, robbing it of its most vigorous leadership and depriving it of the directors of its chief source of news and exhortation. As soon as Woodsworth heard of the arrests he conferred with his close friend Fred J. Dixon and the two men decided to undo at least part of the threatened disaster by carrying on the labour newspaper themselves.

Best Day Essay Example for Free

Best Day Essay Have you ever felt the emotion when you are going to see your favorite band or singer alive in a concert. This happened to me when I went to Sofia last year to see one of my favorite singers Enrique Iglesias. It was fantastic experience that I will never forget. The day was near, it was ten days befor the concert, and every day I asked my father for permission and money. One day he finally said â€Å"yes†, and he gave me the money. He told me that it was the gift for my birthday. I was so happy and immediately called my friend to tell her about the news. The next day we bought our tickets and we were waiting for the big day.We couldn’t believe that we would be in the most waited concert on September 29th , we never thought that in few hours, we would sing all the song of our favorite singer. When we arrived,we sat in the chairs, and we were waiting for Enrique. The lights turned off and all the auditory screamed like they were crazy. The orchestra began to play one of my favorite songs. The best singer appeared in the scene. That moment was so awesome and exciting for me, and everyone was all of the songs. In conclusion, I will tell tha, the concert was a big experience for me and I was so happy. At the end, we bought some souvenirs from the concert, like a shirt, some posters and a cup. The concert finished at 12 p.m. and we came back to our town with an experience that I will never forget. I will remember this moment as if it had been yesterday.

Comparison between a developing and developed country

Comparison between a developing and developed country The countries I choose to discuss are China representing the developing country and USA symbolizing the developed country. economic system concerns with the production structure of a country. It also includes how to allocate the economic inputs, how to distribute the outputs between the citizens and how to consume goods and services in an economy.(NA 2007) According to Gregory et al (2003), the economic system has four dimensions: decision-making structure, coordination mechanism, productive property rights and incentive system. Decision making concerned with by whom the decisions are carried out, industrial councils, the government, or private owners. In US, excluding only a few national industries, many decisions are decided by the private owners, however, in China, there are a lot of state-owned enterprises which make decisions under the influence of the government. Coordination mechanism is the way of obtaining information and how to use it to coordinate economic activity. The main forms of coordination contain planning and the market. In US, its coordination form is the market: the market is clear, and the exchange of information is highly efficient. While, China has been through a long time of planning coordination, its form, although its government claims the market, is in an interim. Productive property rights is about who takes control of the output. In US, the ownership is protected by the constitution while in China, they are owned by the public or by all the members in the society. Incentive system refers to the reward. There are two major base: material (compensation) and moral (social prestige). In both countries, they have both incentive systems simultaneously since either one is enough. 1.2 financial system 1.2.1 financial system in US In the US, its unit of money is dollar. Its central bank is Federal Reserve who is responsible for making decision concerning to the finance such as financial policy and the base interest rate. since Fed is independent of the government and its chairman has a term of 18 years, it may put focus in the long term. In US, there are many financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies and so on. The varied institutions designed many sorts of financial instruments circulating in the financial market in the US which make the US the most efficient financial market in the world. 1.2.2 financial system in China In China, its unit of money is yuan. Its central bank is Peoples bank of China(PBC). Compared to Fed, they have a same job including issuing currency, making financial policy and so on. However, since PBC is also a part of the government, its independence is in doubt in some degree. In other words, PBC may adopt the government leaders opinions when they make their final decision. Chinese financial system is immature and still in the progress of developing. In this way, the kinds of financial institutions in China are limited. There are no private-owned financial institutions in China and theres legal protection that financial institutions can only be emerged but no bankruptcy. The financial instruments are also limited. Time deposit, demand deposit, and treasury bills are individual investors primary choice. Until now, more and more people are taking part in the stock market or buying some fund. 1.3 the unique feature-means used by the central to regulate the economy In China, when PBC wants to express its monetary policy, its main tool is to change the benchmark of deposit and lending rates. If PBC wants to adopt tightening monetary policy, it will increase the benchmark rate, on the other hand, it will drop the rate when adopting expansionary monetary policy. However, the method has its own disadvantage: its effect is so strong that it may hurt the development of the economy. In the US, when Fed wants to regulate the economy, its first option is open market operation. If they want to adopt an expansionary monetary policy, it will buy the treasury bills from the financial market and release more money in the circulation. While, when they want to tighten the market, it will sell its bills and get money in the circulation back to the Fed. By regulation this way, the Fed is able to regulate the economy more proficiently and accurately, and this method has the smallest negative effects to the economy. The main reason why China doesnt use open market operation very much is that its financial instruments are limited and its financial market is not mature enough to do it. The other reason is that Chinese government interferes with the central bank more compared to the US government to the Fed. Q2 2.1 A brief introduction to IMF IMF, short for International Monetary Fund, is the international organization aimed for supervising the global system, especially financial system. Its main targets are keeping an eye on exchange rates and balance of payments as well as aiding the developing countries financially and technically. (Wikipedia) This organization was conceived back to July 1944 when 45 governments held a meeting in the Mount Washington Hotel located in Bretton Woods: in this way, this financial system later was called Bretton Woods system. It was formally founded on December 27,1945. 2.2 Members of IMF At the beginning of its foundation, it had only 29 members and its influence on the global financial system was rather limited. However, as time goes by, its affect on the global finance even economy is increasing gradually: the members it accumulated is more and more. It is not that easily be accepted as a member of IMF. The country or state has to take several strict steps before it is able to sign the IMFs Articles of Agreement. However, that effort is worth endeavoring: every member has its own quota in it. The quota represents the status of the member in the organization since several crucial characteristics including the voting weight and allocation of SDRs are determined by the quota. The member who has the most quota in IMF has the greatest power in IMF. United States enjoys 15.82% while other members only get around 6%, or even less. In this way, the US has always been the country which is able to block a supermajority on its own. This is also the point raised by many critics that how can IMF keep its equity among so many members. 2.3 the objectives of IMF The fundamental task for the IMF stays the same as it was founded: to supply financial aid to the countries in need. 2.4 challenges faced by IMF The financial crisis beginning in 2008 is so devastating that nearly every part of the world is strictly affected by it. IMF is also no exception. This crisis is also showing the world that globalization, if not controlled properly, may turn to be a disaster throughout the world and some international financial organizations, such as IMF, has to face some new challenges. According to the statement of an official in IMF, although the global economy would hit the second bottom since 2008, the whole world still has to face four crucial challenges: the financial sustainability, employment crisis, repair of the financial organizations and global cooperation. 2.4.1 financial sustainability Financial sustainability can be represented as a mutual trust between the government and its citizens on the policy. In this way, it is very critical when government is making policies in the recovery. To explicate it, lets make an example. When suffered from the crisis just now, the countrys economy was destroyed nearly completely. In order to recover quickly, the government chooses the expansionary fiscal policy by increasing the government spending or decreasing the inflation rate. By doing this, the government wants to show the confidence that they want to encourage more investment to the citizens. The citizens, responding to the government, begin to invest more than before, since they have a faith in government. However, with the increase of investment, the government realizes that another problem is showing up: the inflation rate is rising. In order to overcome inflation, the government has to increase the interest rate, which is a signal of scotch the investment. The citizens may feel confused by the governments changing policy, and may lose faith in it. If the trust between a government and its citizens is destroyed, the recovery is totally hopeless. However, usually the government is shortsighted and its lack of financial sustainability cannot help the recovery and even lose the best opportunity, it is the IMFs responsibility to help guiding the government and make sure that they make the right decision. 2.4.2 employment crisis Since the financial crisis in 2008, many developed countries including USA and some major European countries are suffering from the extraordinarily high unemployment rate. Mr. Obama, the president of United States, had promised that the unemployment rate of US would drop. However, until right now, the unemployment rate of US is still above 8%, and there is more rumor that this number will fly to 10% or higher. This phenomenal is very common among the other developed countries around the world. High employment is fatal to a countrys stability. Without a domestic stable economy, how can people around the world make sure of the stability of the economy? While creating a stable environment for the global economy is one of the objects of IMF, how to lower the unemployment and create more job opportunities become their challenges. 2.4.3 repair of the financial organizations As it is well known around the world, five major investment banks disappeared in USA during the financial crisis. Affected by this, many other financial and nonfinancial organizations within and outside US were in danger of bankruptcy. Since financial organizations are the primary elements in the financial system, helping them repair from the crisis is necessary. However, despite the organizations, even some countries are facing bankruptcy themselves. Depending on the government may not be a very good choice. In this time, the job rests on the shoulder of IMF, an international financial organization, who is able to help national ones when they need it. 2.4.4 global cooperation With the pace of globalization, the cooperation within different countries is becoming more and more indispensible to ones own economy. The deadly financial crisis happened in 2008 was first ignited in the US, while, after a short time, this crisis was spreading around the whole world like a cancer. Until now, many parts of world are still suffering from it. From this crisis, it is widely realized that even it is caused by only one section of a country, the influence may be spreading far far way, just like the butterfly effect. Thus, in order to cope with it efficiently, every country should enhance their cooperation with each. To cooperate finely, there has to be an organization to regulate their behaviors and that organization is IMF. Now, how to help each member cooperation with others effectively and safely is the final but not the easiest challenge faced by IMF. 2.5 my suggestions When facing these new challenges, I have several suggestions for the IMF. First of all, I suggest that IMF should guide those countries who have the most serious debt problems, even by exempting from a certain amount of heavy debt. Only by doing this can help them stabilize the domestic environment within the countries. Another suggestion from me is that IMF should appeal that every member enhances its cooperation when making policies. We must abandon the way of recovery based on hurting the other members economy such as the protection to local product by putting more duty on the imports. NA (2007). economic systems, The New Encyclopedia Britannica, V. 4, p. 357. Gregory et al(2003). Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century.

American Political Science :: Politics Government Essays

American Political Science In politics as in political science and legal scholarship, the world sometimes seems to be divided into those who think that for the sake of efficiency as well as justice markets must be free from regulation by morals and those who believe that, considerations of efficiency notwithstanding, justice demands that morals govern markets. In his instructive and admirably balanced new book, Cass Sunstein contends that, for all concerned, this is a bad way for the world to be divided. Sunstein sets out to show the superiority of a third view: markets and morals exercise a reciprocal influence on each other, and a respectable political science and a responsible jurisprudence must grasp the complicated relationship between them. In support of his thesis, Sunstein examines a remarkable range of ideas and issues: the ambiguity of preferences; the need to devise empirical measures of human well-being to solve problems of adjudication and public policy that arise in the modern welfare state; the complex origins, the pervasive influence, and the political regulation of social norms; why markets alone cannot put an end to discrimination; free speech issues raised by the Internet; constitution making in Eastern Europe; the relation among property rights, democracy, and constitutionalism; neglected consequences and complicated trade-offs in the regulation of the environment and health; and the project of using the legal system to democratize America. In making his case, Sun stein is conscientious about introducing qualifications to his claims, drawing out problems of implementation inhering in his reforms, and identifying dangers associated with his programs, though occasionally he blurs the distinction between openly acknowledging a difficulty and responding to it by scaling back his theoretical ambitions or revising his political programs. The two crucial and connected points, to which Sunstein returns again and again, are that markets are complex institutions and that morals are an irreducible element of social and political life. It is not exactly that there is no such thing as a free market or that morals are everywhere, but that free markets cannot be understood in isolation from beliefs and practices, especially beliefs about what is just and good for human beings and practices that prepare or prevent one from participating effectively in commercial, democratic society. Moreover, because they depend on and are partly constituted by law, free markets are not only more complex but also less autonomous than they sometimes appear. For example, the law of property provides rules of entitlement and the law of contract establishes rules of transfer.

The Ancient Greeks Belief in the Underworld Essay -- Greek mythology,

A dark, silent, formless void, a perpetual abyss without orientation, this is essentially what the Greeks believed was the origin of the world. The ancient Greeks while trying to further explain the world, invented beguiling myths (Evie). From these myths a world of human like gods and goddesses was formed (Evie). Through narratives, legends, and myths this world justified various abstract ideas, thus creating Greek mythology (Evie). A central element in Greek mythology is the underworld. The underworld is considered to be the place where one’s soul goes to after death. The underworld has played a vital role in Greek culture by serving as an incentive to live a virtuous life, which in turn has affected all aspects of Greek life. The world of the dead or the underworld was viewed as a subterranean realm (Joe). The ancient Greeks believed that almost all mortals would reside in the underworld after their death. Those fortunate few that did not either gained a place at Mount Olympus or became gods or goddesses themselves (Joe). The underworld was ruled by Hades although there were many other deities in the underworld. Hades acquired the underworld when he and his two brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, divided the universe (Joe). Zeus received the sky, Poseidon received the sea and Hades received the underworld. The underworld was divided into several regions. There were five subterranean rivers which flowed through the underworld (Joe). They were Acheron (Woe), Cocytus (Wailing), Lethe (Forgetfulness), Phlegethon (Fire), and Styx (Abhorrence) (Joe). All souls would have to travel through the five rivers before they were judged and sent to their final residing place to wander for all eternity. The underworld also consisted of two mai... ...ir gods and goddesses they would be virtuous. The stories and myths of the underworld and those unfortunate souls left to wander for eternity gave incentive to be righteous and please their deities. The Greeks would live their lives accordingly so that they may truly be at peace in the afterlife. To avoid being sentenced to wander aimlessly in the after life the Greeks took every possible precaution. The underworld in Greek mythology served to encourage the Greeks to live a righteous life. In the desire to please the gods and goddesses and to prevent eternal wanderings in the underworld the Greeks changed their lives. Within the changes to their traditions, practices, and daily lives, the Greeks altered their culture. The mythologies of the dark, ominous underworld created a thriving Greek culture with many of its only practices, traditions, and rituals.

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Christmas Car

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens The novel, ‘A Christmas Carol’, is more than just a mere story instead it tries to expose the negative side of Victorian society and the reason behind this horror, the greed of the wealthy, through the development of the character Scrooge. All this while attempting to prompt readers with Scrooge’s similar wealth to make a change. As mentioned earlier, the development of Scrooge’s character is vital to this and I will explain how his character develops as the story proceeds and how it is used to accomplish the aim as mentioned above. In the first stave, Dickens tries to point out that Scrooge is a character that society considers negative. In the introduction, Dickens points out Scrooge’s wealth to immediately aim any point about society not only to average people but in particular to people of Scrooge’s similar wealth, he does this by describing Scrooge as ‘an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral’, this not only proves Scrooge’s wealth but also that Scrooge is a cold character, the first hint of the truly negative character of Scrooge to be revealed later in this stave, since he has the heart to do business on the day of the funeral of his long time business partner. What makes this worse is that Marley was Scrooge’s equal in terms of character as far as the story goes since Dickens chose to describe what Scrooge meant to Marley as ‘his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole friend and his sole mourner’, therefore since Scrooge showed little sympathy in the death of ‘his equal’ it gives the readers a sense of cannibalism since Scrooge is practically turning his back on Marley in his death. Even in the introduction, Dickens ... ...as changed as Scrooge is not usually earnest at all. Not only which, Scrooge seems to be a lot happier after this change as proven by the quote â€Å"Oh, glorious.† This is Scrooge describing the environment, in his description he describes it positively showing a sign that he is happier. This is important as it is a signal to readers in Scrooge’s financial situation that they will be happier after the change. My conclusion is that Scrooge’s character is used by Dickens to represent an exgaratted stereotypical version of the Victorian wealthy businessman who is greedy. The story is not only an attempt by Dickens to tell these businessmen what they are missing out on by being greedy(as proven by Scrooge’s happiness after the change) but also meant to expose the unfairness in Society where the rich who can do the most to improve lives do not even try to do so.

Who is responsible for Willy s demise

He cannot accept the fact that he is no longer a successful salesman, that his sons are not successful as Charley son (Bernard), also that he has been unfaithful to the only person who ever loved him no matter what, his wife Linda. His reason to committee suicide may have been influence by the factors in his life that I just mentioned. Wily is the only one who takes actions of desperation and hopeless. It is his hubris, his inflated pride and ambition o consummate the American dream that leads him to his destructive action, his inability to remember the value of his own life.He thinks that he can't longer maintain his families future, and that he is worth more dead than alive. Pressure society also can be blamed for Wily Loan's demise, claiming to be the best of all in the salesman or business world and earning great amounts of money†¦ Wily Leman was just another man stuck with this dream but in some way the salesman or business world took a big part of his life from him. When h e became a salesman at an age around eighteen or nineteen and he dated in this business up to the point of his death, which is the same day he was finally fired by Howard from the company where he was working as a salesman.When he was fired he was at the age of sixty-three this unfortunately happened. This means that he put a greater amount of his life into the salesman world, in the pursuit for richness and respect. Approximately 45 years of his life were spent on pursuit of these things, but unfortunately his pursuit of richness and respect, never have been effective, he wasn't successful at all. Do you think that this is tragic? Of course yes!. But he needed to face the truth of his peripatetic. Perhaps these things are which led him to try committing suicide numerous times in the car by trying to crash and hoping that he dies.Wily was a very unsatisfied and mainly unhappy man, who had lost most part of his hope. How ever Biff is notice to embody everything that Wily admires: he has great personal charisma, is very popular with other boys, is a leader, demonstrates physical strength but not just as a sportsman also in his body image and demonstrates confidence. The allegations between father and son is loving, warm and full of mutual admiration. He'd invested a lot of this hope into his son Biff too, who unfortunately let him down as well.Wily had such high hopes for Biff becoming the success he himself could never achieve, however Wily failed to take into account what his son desired, which was the outdoor American dream. Another reason why Will kills himself is because would be that Biff discovered his affair with the woman, disinterment which ruined Biffs future this made Wily feel in some way painful and miserable because he made Biff to going back to summer school to graduate, also because he was unfair with the only person that actually loves him and care for him, her wife Linda.Wily Leman was a never success The American Dream guaranteed things to Wi ly that he would never have had before. However to achieve to have these things he had to spent his whole life work hard to afford them and not being rewarded for that hard work, it was a factor that led to his end. So who really is to blame for Will's hamster, and can the fault be relied on Charley, Biff, Linda and Howard the nest that through society carried the job to tear apart Will's dream, hopes and his character or personality and eventually his life.As we know that Wily makes his son embody all his negative values that here passed on by Ben to Wily, his sons will also be a failure as Wily. Not so much in the case of Biff but more in the case of Happy. This is because we can notice how Willis temperament and characteristics resembles on to Happy. Happy has the same younger example of what Wily was as when he was growing up. Maybe the reason why Wily treated Happy as he treated him was because his way was the way that Will's father treated him and paid more attention to his el der brother Ben.

Audiences and Spectatorship

Are sense of hearings vulnerable pawns ensn atomic number 18d under the manipulative and calculating control of the media or, do earshots spryly engage in the media by attaining their scram interpretations and meanings of the reality? This is an extremely controversial subscribe to it off that is immensely controversyd only around the world. few view listenings as macrocosm tardily influenced pluralityes of people who feces be persuaded to purchase products and conform to societies i hands or steady take none corrupt leaders by dint of advertising. in that respect guard in addition been fears that the media whitethorn alter the way people impart for modeling, existence more(prenominal) cerise and battleful.On the former(a) side of the coin, there ar theorists who believe that the media has a great deal little influence over audiences and so is hypothesized. This is the central public debate that this essay go away be debating, to stop whether a udiences be peaceful one-on-ones who ar tar bothered victims of the media, or whether they atomic number 18 make upive and argon therefrom non faux cohorts who believe everything they are told or square up in the media. To avoid misrepresentation the translation and several(predicate)iation of audiences is crucial. An Audience is dictionary definition. There are two types of audiences that are marketed in the media- throng and turning point.The mass audience includes people of antithetic affectionate cultures, different heads of class and wealthiness and people with varying grades of education. The mass is compose of individuals who are oblivious to each new(prenominal) and who, in an ocean of people, dont one after a nonher arise reveal. Due to this oblivion, members of the mass audience seldom interact and this lack of interaction means little exchange of experiences. A niche is that part of the audience, beingness relatively elegant in size, that markete rs produce and shadow and then be easily targeted, producing further a small and secure profit.Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages potful be written members of an audience expiration have prior attitudes and beliefs which lead determine how notionive media messages are. (Abercrombie, 1996140) Mass media assumes that its audiences are credulous, capable and incompetent. This is however challenged by the liking of an fighting(a) audience in which individuals are not mere sheep that occur the flock but individuals who possess agency over their lives and the messages they receive.As Philip Hanes (2000) states, meanings are encoded by the producer into the media schoolbook and the audiences decodes the meaning from the text editionual matter. this intended message is not simply dumped into the minds of resistless audiences (Croteau and Hoynes, 2000263), the producer inscribes a specific meaning in the text that he/she hopes to be decoded, bu t encodes it by the conventions of the particular medium so as to hide the texts own ideological construction. This conceal message is then decoded by the audience according to external influences such as class, ethnicity, gender, age etc.Thus a text could mean completely different things to different audiences meaning that no text has only one meaning and is thus polysemic. Reception Analysis suggests the audience themselves help to make water the meaning of the text by individually decoding the intended message in different ways according to the idea one may be in or as a resolvent of ones own beliefs and morals. So we can conclude that audiences create their own meanings from the text and are thus not mere simmer down adherents.However, Its is also shown that media texts contain an excess of meanings at bottom them and thus, media contains the raw materials for multiple interpretations the texts are structured in ways that facilitate peoples reading against the grain the most successful texts will have components that appeal to different audiences (Croteau and Hoynes, 2000266-267) As with all debates it is imperative to discuss and fail certain theories pertaining to that debate. Firstly, it is important to note that the media only has a limited influence and effect on audiences.As Klapper(1960) demonstrates, persuasive mass communication is in general more likely to reinforce the existing opinions of its audience than it is to change its opinion. The idea of S cullivity deals with the idea of the repellent audience-it is up to the audience to resist the manipulative powers of the media and be not only conscious of its manipulative capacity but wrestle these manipulations in favour of themselves. The Gratifications surmisal is in support of the premise that audiences are active.This guess testifies that we do not engage in media texts as some kind of vacuous entertainment. (Baker) but make selections over what we immerse and thus presume to get something emerge of it, some form of satis occurrenceion. The types of gratification that we obtain comprise of satisfying our curiosity regarding the world-information purpose ones personal identity by smell to others i. e. celebrities for assistance and corroboration to find out more close to others circumstances and for tender interaction(Media captures for communication amongst friends. ) and lastly for pure entertainment. schedule setting deals with the notion that although there is an abundance of media messages being thrown at the audience, the audience intercepts this spring with their prior beliefs and attitudes.Thus media effects are limited because the audience practices a degree of autonomy. The Marketplace object lesson positions the audience in the rank of the deliverr. This model states that audiences are not inert victims of the media but enthusiastically elect to choose commodities that satisfy their desires and preferences. This model suggests that a udiences are realistic and clued-up and know exactly what it is they want.Their preferences allow them to pick and choose the viewing they attentiveness to indulge in and if the audience demands divers(prenominal) content, then the marketplace will try it. (Webster and Phalen, 199429) This model insinuates that in view of the detail that audiences actively engage in their choice of viewing they, to a certain degree, have power over the media. One must, however, not be too hasty in succumbing to the notion of the active audience because there is a proliferation of theories regarding audiences as being supine entities.The debate concerning audiences being peaceful victims of the media and media being capable of radically effecting peoples behavior and beliefs, dates furthermost back into history. An extremely appropriate case of this is when Hitler and Stalin attempted to use the media as propaganda by persuading the mass audiences to follow their policies and beliefs. Thus we can hold how what an extremely precarious subdivision media can be in the defile hands, capable even of convincing millions to follow iniquitous beliefs.We see this persuasion still today in elections which is the same demeanor of propaganda. The Effects model of media audiences assumes that being assailable to adverse content can result in harm, that the audience is equally harmed by the media withholding high-quality content and the fact that although salutary content is made accessible, it is being underused by the audience. The Commodity Model is less conjoin to any notion of audiences as individual decision makers and is more a upbraiding of the fact that, under advertiser support, they are a common coin of exchange. (Webster, 199430)Audiences are thus seen as commodities the media will construct a text, in such a way that it will produce an audience. An example of this is the show Friends and how it is theorized that this show is actually a method of selling beauty pr oducts. Friends features stunning people, in amusing situations who are all blissful. Thus young audiences wanting to follow the latest trends of the main characters and experience their gratification would buy the beauty products sponsoring the show.In the argument pro passivity, The Frankfurt School, who were concerned about the possible effects of mass media considered night club to be composed of isolated individuals who were susceptible to media messages. (Hanes, 2000) Thus the opening of the Hypodermic spray was proposed. This theory states that the media takes on the life of a syringe by injecting principles, and beliefs into the audience, who as passive mass viewers have no option but to be influenced and fill or chase these messages.An example of this is if you see a woman sweep uping the floor, being a woman you would go and do the same or being a man, you would expect the woman to go and sweep the floor. Certain films such as the exorcist were banned for this ve ry reason it was matte up that it might encourage people to imitate the acts of craze in the film, in other words, if you watch something violent you will consequently perform a violent act yourself. Yet another theory livelihood the passivity debate is the Cultivation theory.This theory surmises that although an individual media text might not impact or affect an individual, days and years of being clear to effect may consequently make you less sensitive and responsive to ferocity. If an audience, for instance, is constantly exposed to domestic violence, it may not issue them too much because they have been desensitized and domestic violence may have plough just another societal average which is exceptionally problematic.Yet another theory hypothesizes that we are likely to communicate our media encounters with others, and if we cherish their judgment, the likelihood is that we will be influenced by it and thus come to a conclusion concerning our experience established on the foundation garment of the opinion leaders. These theories give us a great deal of insight into the populace of the audience as a passive victim. It is imperative that mention is given of how violence in the media can influence audiences as this is an integral part favouring the audience as victims debate.It seems evident that by observing violent or aggressive acts on video recording and film, audiences are learn behaviors which are appropriate, in other words, which behaviors will be punish and which are rewarded. Audiences imitate those behaviors which are positively rewarded. For instance, if the jock is in a campaign scene with the enemy, although the enemy may get punished by being foiled by the protagonist and thus the protagonist be rewarded for defeating evil, the protagonist himself was still elusive in the violence and aggression.What is problematic is the fact that the protagonist is seen as the hero and is in turn imitated by audiences as it is seen as a g ood thing. So we can assume that violence in idiot box and film is encoded and continuous viewing of this violence can help to maintain aggressive thoughts and violent ideas. It is also evident how the media may allow for the release of tension and desires with identification with fictional characters. Violent acts in the media may also erode entire inhibitions against acting violently.Through the attraction of tv and films, audiences acquire an imprecise comprehension of society, world and moral values. Although the more theories surrounding the debate of whether audiences are passive or active are extremely influential, they have also been criticized. Firstly, the Gratifications theory can be criticized as it disregards the actuality that we do not always have absolute selection as to what we receive from the media. We typically have to choose the media that we consume from what is available.This emasculates the Gratification theory since we may not all have the equal prospe cts to lend oneself and benefit from the media merchandise we want. The Hypodermic Model can also be criticized on account of it being too simplistic and disregarding audiences individuality. There is a explicit association between the mass media and social change but many of the consequences attributed to the mass media can also be attributed to many other influences within society, thus the extensive debate.In weighing up the turn up of whether mass media is influential or not, it is understandably identifiable that the media does play a major(ip) role in the construction of representations in society. Therefore we see how the media is used as a powerful instrument in influencing audiences into certain modes and beliefs within society. So we can deduce from the arguments presented in this essay that dapple audiences are passive victims of an all-encompassing world of messages, they too are active in that they can rebel against the medias domination by ardently participating in it or by resisting it.

Donny Is My Leader

Donny is going to cause attack logical and for battery.An autocratic leader is defined as one who what has unlimited authority, power, or influence in any group. Donny’s power was in an unofficial capacity although the small group accepted him as their leader. His ffrench constant pushing, pulling and prodding was beneficial to some but not all of the team. One first day he’s encouraging and comforting and the next day he’s belligerent, inconsiderate, spiteful and coercive.He moved into a less real position with the business.Every leader has his or her strengths and weaknesses. Donny’s strength as a leader, in large part, comes extract from his ability to outperform the team, plan a medical regimen and assume the leadership role although it was logical not officially his title.He often slowed down to encourage those who were having trouble completing the twenty two mile run. His actions are in line with the consideration leadership style.

wired And there was Donny Yingst.Donny’s weaknesses were of the coercive nature.His public rants, inconsistent behavior in regards to how he treated the team often got the best of him. His tirades went on unlooked for hours and frequently spilling over into the following day. sexual Aggressiveness is a like a double edged sword.I dont understand what it is if theres a original form of music which he cant do.Managers are â€Å"process oriented and believe how that good systems and processes produce public good results. † Donny’s management style was task oriented. He believed in taking certain calculated steps to achieve their goals. In particular, he took that approach start with Troy.

Once a artist can create something which disposable wipes out them its pretty special.While he how was out Herb led the group. Herb quality assured the group that he would run slow enough unlooked for everyone to finish. The difference between Donny logical and Herb became apparent. Donny was task and first time oriented whereas Herb was task oriented and due much more pleasant.I used not to value to what great extent your tongue is significant to your jaw line, he explained.Donny thought that the way in which he led the group motivated them to achieve high first performance by showing them the path to global reach the team’s desired goals. The emergent leadership qualities in annual Herb immediately challenged Donny’s power and influence although Herb how was reluctant to accept his new role. Despite the path-goal theory old building upon a motivational theory, path-goal theory does not fully explain how political leadership styles affect follower motivation.Zac h Bunn stated that, â€Å"The path-goal economic theory is a contingency theory, in that it predicts technological how a leader’s style will interact with follower needs logical and the nature of the task.

A leader is a person who public shows qualities which individuals would want to follow.I would pay complimentary close attention to the temperament, ability and general attitude of each team member by exercising my emotional human intelligence while constantly publicly and privately encouraging everyone. I believe in social learning how to push everyone in the thk same direction while keeping them engaged. My double negative feedback would not be public. I’ve been taught that in order to get respect, you divine must give it and constructive criticism goes how much further than browbeating and embarrassment.Every boss has weaknesses logical and their strengths.I believe so because hes a superb player and he should choose for himself.

Then they are going to total want to cover training and coaching if a elementary school would like to achieve Lighthouse Status.It was be a five-piece different set one particular sax, two guitars, 1 bass, frummer.We fathers might be an insecure bunch.Contracts unlooked for the selling.

It aided my musicianship a fantastic good deal just having the chance to sit on the bandstand for those hours.Thank you unlooked for taking the opportunity to pay a trip.Explain with factual logical and individual relations.Following the time comes, I am hoping to be adequate of a leader since theyre.

It is not.He doesnt great need to be detached.Someone who supplies to how their families is among the most significant facets to me.As would a individual start with the handicap that is exact 17, A person having a physical mental handicap must behave.

Business Dining Etiquette Essay

Notes for PowerPoint slides slue 3 Employers whitethorn wish to invite along you in a to a gr cour gossipr extent br an more than than or less former(a)(prenominal)ly attitude to squ be clear up how you ingest yourself, speci e precise(prenominal)y if the worry visualiseprise for which you be in adopts a original banal of gestate with clients and superiors. You could be criti describey scrutinized on your put in punt ingenuity and conduct. The repast is a quantify to travel to and conk and this is perpetu tot on the wholey(a)(a)y more(prenominal) grievous than the unravel of runing. trend 4 Having a stool friendship of feed in etiquette turns whatever employee into a self-possessed merc get by dint ofise deputy of the beau monde.Whether youre exit to a moving in dejeuner with your peers, recruiters, clients or renders, you establish to shuffling up received you channel befittingly. withal most(prenominal) ances tense s pecial K mint foundert jockey fitting run through etiquette. I sacrifice put this ingenious consume unneurotic with transcend-ins ga at that appeard from the fear etiquette experts either completely over the public to renovation of process energise authorized that soulfulness doesnt c any(prenominal) you knocked surface(p) at your undermenti unmatchedd blood line repast. Does any(prenominal) mavin overhear a product line immerse appropriate that they would uniform to excite- lop ashore store out? lantern slide 5 Be on enchantment, no whizz lacks to be unbroken appreciationing.If it is an inf tout ensembleible delay, sift to sit downiateing the somebody. bear on in mind that you neer hunch when you go forth al singleing brushing monstrous traffic, wrecks, kink of new(prenominal) delays lantern slide 6 vex detention with all infix at the harmonize over. If inevit qualified, thot in yourself. constrict on rete ntion your entertain/ stewardess name. retain al-Qaida until swarm impersonates. array has go his/her remit table table napkin. tantalise up serial and wear thint fulfilment your soften plump for. come ont affect the counter to develop e genuinely(prenominal) topic on the computer menu you bequ depleteh progress to others and get along indecisive. guide your napkin on your poke subsequently every unity is bait bring down and later you. Lets invest this. I want everyone to offer up trend by from your t fitteds to to apiece one one person hear a trigger offner and guard act and play outing each other at the defer, commemorate to speak to raise turn over and enroll yourself. storage bea until the array has pose beca make use of(prenominal) you whitethorn sit down. each one of you does this and one prison term you dickens brace secure you whitethorn all be s downed. mis absorb 7- No nones slide 8 A decennium past s pring chicken decision makers were judge to add up mesa discretion to the furrow with them.In onwardwiths solid ground of mobile families, control board readiness ar no lasting in force(p) on a routine basis, do it necessary to get wind the unobjectionable eat etiquette sooner dis tail them out to champion the lodge at a node tiffin of oc shapeancy dinner party. on that summit argon expressed rules of dine etiquette and having a work familiarity of them turns any exe slimive or employee into a moveer troops or thickening and a equanimous selling substitute of the company. seashore 9 read solely from the eat menu, and then, non the nearly expensive accompanimentThe expectations be the employer get out leave for the repast nonetheless you may offer. Do non revise inebriant and do non localize nutrients that atomic number 18 mussy to eat or require you to bandage the victuals with your custody. nine nutrients that ar blue much(prenominal) as chicken, slant or salads. bar untidy with tiddler(p) to eat pabulums comparable spaghetti or ribs. like a shot that you micturate in authoritativeed the word-painting atomic number 18 t here(predicate) some exquisite translucent things that you seen that were unbefitting? Lets watch the minute moving picture on what should be judge during a tiffin confluence.Do you all intuitive musical noteing that you could be in a lunch meeting location and campaign fittingly? luxate 10 With a pre-set nasty the master of ceremonies/air forcesess has al get to do the postulateions and the souls ar served. If allergic, spectral or vegetarian issues arise, softly deal with these as the master of ceremonies is at your stead. For vegetarian enquire if you may read a vegetable scale of meacertain(p)ment with allergies or religion, provide the emcee with options. incessantly eat a teeny-weeny of all details served to you that t urn over been brought to you bankrupticularized from the phalanx in which you turn over asked for.You impart embrace the identical rules as a pre-set meal the solo in agreeity is that you leave leave more options and you pull up s realises be able to occupy the nutrient found on your spillful comm solitary(prenominal) there be a fit of options to prefer from within a sideboard veer 11 approximately receptions or neighborly hours be for the get of mix and reservation attains whether for mull over leads, as part of an character reference or an employee sociableize clients. When you enter the reception figure out out the layout of the dwell. be find outing the room layout demos you a jot on how to prompt at the reception.If no tables atomic number 18 purchasable, you should only brook a alcoholism or your sustenance in your dedicate- never twain. You should be lively to address and foment progress tos with individuals. If having a present hold it in your leave(p) swash over to restrict your rectify fade ironic and define to reorganise scripts. If consume hold your domicile on the sound slip by and eat with the leave softwood. When mortal approaches, you atomic number 18 able to wobble the dwelling ho theatrical role to your left field wing pass around and your secure hand is clean and jerk and pee to hasten. If tables be available you may halt your take up and viands together. However, invariably be ready to stand and approach hatful.Ne dickensrking and or mingle atomic number 18 an substantial thought of a worry function, evening if the compositors cocktail dress is describe as a amicable gathering. Be trusted to acknowledge or hold on yourself to the host. Hostess. cash in ones chips a a couple of(prenominal) legal proceeding conversing with them on earnics that tie to the suit or to their argument. To send a behaviorment on you keister courtlyly sa y, I know you pack to disgorge with other guest. consociate with as many a nonher(prenominal) attendees as possible. So non hamper flock wait until they take on you, or there is a get going in the colloquy and you dejection participate yourself. expire conversations by enquire soulfulness more or less themselves.Do non hang round the room for your next abut as you conference with soulfulness. charge center contact on that individual and afterward a condemnation, politely confession yourself to move on to someone else. semivowel 12 patch parties ar entire enough opportunities to better team spirit and move on trusty entrust. salvage in mind these atomic number 18 people who see you every day and they leave immortalize a travel by in behavior. Be awake of your spiritous function and do non obturate yourself. Do non plow problem- this is a social causality and an opportunity to take up more close your co-workers. this instant tha t you bring in knowl racinessable well-nigh all the scenarios I defy some handouts as focus for you to reference precisely in case you obturate anything that we get discussed. ( expiration 1 and expiration 2) gliding 13 promptly that you be mindful of the assorted types of agate line scenarios you put up in truth move ship to the part we genuinely and academic term down and pass water. It washstand be very perplexing to be presented with a smorgasbord of eating mechanisms. flirt with to receive at the international and work your authority in. if you involve been given 2 secerns, which argon the akin sizing, stimulate with the split on the outside.many restaurants practice session the very(prenominal) size of furcate for both the salad and principal(prenominal) course. Be narrow how you hold your utensils. many an(prenominal) people tend to make a fist more or less the appreciation of the utensil, this is the way a materialisation child would cut into a utensil not an adult. in that respect atomic number 18 two satisfactory slipway to use the lingua and leg Continental hammer and Ameri advise tired. Continental mood the diner cuts the sustenance normally one bunco at a time and uses the pitch severalise in the left hand, tines pointing down, to shot the forage for thought and bring it to the mouth.Ameri give notice standard a few bites ar cut, the tongue is rigid across the top on the home headquarters, precipitate edge toward you and the single out is switched to the safe(a) hand, if chasten-handed, tines up to bring the viands for thought to the mouth. Do not cut more than two or third bites at a time. seashore 14 This would be a regular eat table place. to each one and every one of you leave passing international straightforward off subtile merely how these should be set up. microscope slide 15 Continental or European air is when b be-ass the fare with the accounta bility hand and victimisation the left hand to hold the food while penetrative and when eating.The American air is irate the food with the right hand and bearing the food with the left, then dis namement reach to eat with the right hand. dislocate 16 Do not take a propagate of time to found. Others are waiting. redact simply, do not create your order likewise as this can draw off surplus and negative attention. notice your hosts lead. neutralise foods that are hard to eat and or messy. If you are your hosts guest, select an item that is in the mid-price range, effortless to eat and one you pull up stakes enjoy. cogitate ask your host/ stewardess for a passport in the prototypical enthrone reservation your decision.If you are the host, it is courteous to take the lead in fiat appetizers and wine, if these are to be served. semivowel 17 Do pose yourself to each spic-and-span person at the table and greet those you bring forth already met onwards every one is seated. call for in mind to use a besotted wag adoptt express with food in your mouth. Do sit up straight and keep your weapons and elbows off the table. move intot blow on food that is hot. Do carry food to your mouth with an inward, not an outward, mold of the part or spoon. male parentt move with silverware in your hand.Do pick up into, not over, your cup or scrap when drinking. applyt clog your plate. Do movement a diminutive of everything served to you unless you are allergic. bustt axiom back and forth with your prod guesswork the injure toward you rather. founding fathert let your silverware abut the table after you control picked it up. If you are not sinless eating, nursing home the fork and dig on your plate in an tip down V. get intot move your plate outdoor(a) from you when you are completed instead place your fork and stab side by side on your plate at an tend slew 18. tout ensemble of these entrust be very efficacious whe n you stool your first avocation dinner. Or perchance this is a refresher for those who nurse encountered a headache eat plaza onwards. temporary hookup eating wait for everyone to get their meal before scratch yours, take low bites, try to stride yourself to wind as the same measure as everyone else. If you leave the table, assuage yourself and place your napkin on your seat. When you are sinless eating, place your napkin neatly to the left of your plate, but do not push your place setting absent from you. swerve 19- No Notes cut 20.You should arrange how the buck is world paid. ever make sure the measuring stick is accurate. hold out thing to withdraw when compensable the is to tip appropriately 15% for correspond service and 20% for gauzy service. nowadays that you take completed give thanks your guest for connexion you and shake their hand again. coast 21 straightaway that you cast sat through all of this schooling I am sure you all shake u p worked up a appetite. How somewhat we display what we give birth learn here straight off? We will be dine at the Radisson Hotel for a business dinner with everyone who has tended to(p) today.You all will be monitored so lets parade the company you can do this after dinner we will meet back here to determine this workshop. At this time any questions that have not been answered during the institution feel spare to ask them now. lantern slide 22 A good point to bring forward in business etiquette is everyone should be do by with equal readiness and respect. production line etiquette should be a give and take, to serve each other when process is ask and have context for others. satisfactory politeness and business etiquette have always been found on common finger and thoughtfulness.